ABC Medical Center > Diseases > Crohn’s disease

What is Crohn's disease?

21:54 - 4 May , 2021

Disease

It is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the intestine and digestive tract, causing severe diarrhea, intense pain, malnutrition, fatigue, and decreased body weight, triggering serious complications, depending on the case, which can be fatal.

The cause of Crohn’s disease is unknown, but some studies indicate that it may be due to a genetic predisposition and deficiencies in the immune system that is affected by the presence of viruses or bacteria.

Signs and symptoms Crohn's disease

Symptoms can be mild to severe, develop gradually or appear suddenly, but the most common signs are:

  • Anemia.
  • Kidney stones.
  • Tiredness and weakness.
  • Diarrhea.
  • Decreased appetite and weight loss.
  • Abdominal pain.
  • Anal fistula.
  • High fever.
  • Inflammation of the liver or bile ducts.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Blood in the stool. 
  • Joint and eye inflammation.

If you have common changes in your intestines or experience any of these symptoms, see your doctor as soon as possible to determine your condition and start appropriate treatment.

Potential risks:

  • Being under 30 years old.
  • Family history. 
  • Alcoholism and smoking. 
  • Medication abuse, especially excessive intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Diagnosis and treatment Crohn's disease

After analyzing your symptoms and clinical history, your doctor will order a series of tests to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions that could contribute to your discomfort.

The most common tests include:

  • Blood and stool test, to detect if you have anemia, infection by parasites, viruses, or bacteria, as well as hidden blood.
  • Colonoscopy to view the entire colon and take tissue samples to confirm or rule out the diagnosis.
  • CT scan to check the entire intestine and the tissues outside of it. 
  • MRI to assess the presence of a fistula around the anal area or intestine.
  • Capsule endoscopy to take pictures of the small intestine for signs related to Crohn’s disease. 
  • Endoscopy to observe the digestive tract and take a tissue biopsy to analyze in the laboratory. 
  • Assisted enteroscopy to explore the small intestine more deeply, mainly if the capsule endoscopy shows abnormalities and a specific diagnosis cannot be established.

Although Crohn’s disease is incurable, treatment can improve symptoms, control inflammation, and correct nutritional deficiencies, so your doctor will likely prescribe anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, and nutritional supplements.

In more extreme cases, intestinal resection surgery or proctocolectomy will have to be performed.

In ABC Medical Center’s Internal Medicine Department, we offer health care services with the highest quality and safety, from the prevention, diagnosis, timely treatment, and monitoring of infectious, respiratory, endocrinological, dermatological, rheumatic, nephrological, gastrointestinal, and hematological pathologies of both chronic-degenerative diseases and acute conditions, through a comprehensive and multidisciplinary model.

Fuentes:

  • mayoclinic.org
  • medlineplus.gov
  • msdmanuals.com
  • topdoctors.es
  • medigraphic.com
  • Cervantes-Peláez D, Rojas-Peláez Y, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez D, et al. Enfermedad de Crohn perianal fistulizante. AMC. 2020;24(4):591-597.
  • Flores JJ, Oseguera-Lazo P, Chávez-Henríquez AY, et al. Abdomen agudo como manifestación de enfermedad de Crohn. Med Int Mex. 2019;35(6):975-979.
  • Guevara-Morales GR, Castellanos-Juárez JC. Obstrucción intestinal por cápsula endoscópica en un paciente con enfermedad de Crohn. Cir Cir. 2019;87(Suppl: 1):48-52.
  • Carmenates-Álvarez BM, Reyes-Escobar AD, Peña-Borroto YJ, et al. Utilidad de la enterotomografía axial computarizada en el diagnóstico de enteritis por Crohn. AMC. 2018;22(6):813-821.

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