What is Hypercalcemia?

It is a condition in which the blood has excessive levels of calcium, which can cause kidney stones, bones to weaken, and the brain and heart to be affected. Hypercalcemia can be due to different reasons, such as:

Hyperparathyroidism
Tuberculosis.
Sarcoidosis.
Breast and lung cancer or bone metastases.
Severe dehydration.
Diseases, such as tuberculosis.
Drugs, such as lithium.
Sedentary lifestyle due to a disease that forces you not to move.
Overuse of calcium or vitamin D supplements.
Genetic disorders.

Signs and symptoms Hypercalcemia

Mild hypercalcemia may not cause symptoms, but severe hypercalcemia may include:

Arrhythmia and cardiac disorders.
Confusion, depression, lethargy, and fatigue.
Weakness.
Bone and muscle pain.
Headache.
Constipation, abdominal pain.
Excessive thirst and frequent urination.
Loss of appetite
Nausea.
Vomit.

Possible complications of hypercalcemia not treated promptly are:

Arrhythmia.
Kidney stones.
Kidney failure.
Osteoporosis.
Damage to the nervous system.

Diagnosis and treatment Hypercalcemia

Once your doctor analyzes your symptoms and clinical history, they will perform a physical examination and request a complete blood test to determine your blood calcium and parathyroid hormone levels.

If they suspect that the hypercalcemia may be due to a disease, such as cancer, they may need imaging studies to assess your bones, lungs, and kidneys.

The treatment plan will be established based on the hypercalcemia cause and its severity. In severe cases, they may suggest a surgical procedure to remove the tissue causing the condition or the use of certain medications, such as:

Bisphosphonates.
Calcitonin.
Calcimimetics.
Diuretic.
Steroids.

At ABC Medical Center’s Internal Medicine Department, we offer health care services with the highest quality and safety, from the prevention, diagnosis, timely treatment, and monitoring of infectious, respiratory, endocrinological, dermatological, rheumatic, nephrological, gastrointestinal, and hematological pathologies of both chronic-degenerative diseases and acute conditions, through a comprehensive and multidisciplinary model.

Related centers and departments

Internal medicine
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

hormone.org
medlineplus.gov
mayoclinic.org
msdmanuals.com
cancer.net
medigraphic.com
Andrade-Castellanos CA, Novas-Rojas Y, Gutiérrez-Ramírez FJ. Osteólisis aguda secundaria a hipercalcemia de origen tumoral. Med Int Mex. 2021;37(6):1103-1107.
Baraquiso PM, Corella SAJ. Abordaje moderno del hiperparatiroidismo primario. Revista Médica Sinergia. 2021;6(04):1-13.
Reyes-Tobar P, Altamirano-Assad R, Osses-Donoso L, et al. Tumor de células pequeñas del ovario del subtipo hipercalcémico: reporte de un caso. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2021;89(01):84-89.
Moreno-Galeana S, Guerrero-Espinosa D. Hiperparatiroidismo primario debido a una glándula paratiroidea gigante. Otorrinolaringología. 2021;66(3):245-252.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is Hypercalcemia?

Signs and symptoms Hypercalcemia

Diagnosis and treatment Hypercalcemia

Related centers and departments

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Hypercalcemia