What Is RSV

RSV or respiratory syncytial virus, is a common viral illness that affects the respiratory system. Infants, young children, older adults, and people with a weakened immune system or chronic heart or lung diseases are the most vulnerable to contracting it.

The method of contagion for respiratory syncytial virus is through direct contact with people or by touching objects or surfaces contaminated with the virus. The first week after contracting the infection is the riskiest, but in infants and immunocompromised people, the virus continues to be transmitted for up to four weeks after infection.

RSV usually begins with cold-like symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, a mild cough, fever, or a decreased appetite. These symptoms are generally mild and self-limiting to a few days, especially in young children or adults.

But in infants, older adults, or people with chronic or immunocompromising diseases, RSV can progress to more serious infections in the lower respiratory tract.

Respiratory illnesses that may occur include bronchiolitis, pneumonia, trouble breathing or wheezing, rapid breathing, caving in of the ribs when breathing, and, in severe cases, cyanosis, which is a bluish discoloration of the lips and skin.

Differential Diagnosis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

The diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus is initially based on the patient’s medical history and a physical examination. The patient’s age, the season of the year, and the respiratory symptoms they are experiencing should be taken into account.

Laboratory tests can be used, such as viral antigen detection in nasal secretions, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, and, at times, viral cultures.

The differential diagnosis includes other respiratory infections that may present similar symptoms, including the common cold, influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, COVID-19, and bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Distinguishing between RSV and other illnesses is important for proper clinical management.

Treatment for respiratory syncytial virus is mainly supportive, as there is no specific antiviral widely used for most patients.

Adequate hydration, controlling fever, and encouraging rest are some of the main recommendations.

If there is significant nasal obstruction in infants, nasal rinses with saline solution can be used to improve breathing.

For those patients who have moderate or severe respiratory distress, oxygen therapy, hospitalization, or intensive care support may be required, especially in premature infants, older adults, and people with chronic diseases.

In some high-risk cases, the use of monoclonal antibodies may be considered, but this is not typically part of the general treatment.

Vaccine Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Approved vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus have emerged in recent years, and immunizations have been developed primarily for older adults and pregnant women.

These vaccines aim to reduce the risk of severe infection and hospitalization in vulnerable populations.

Long-acting monoclonal antibodies have also been approved for infants, which act as a passive immunization that provides protection during the peak season of the virus.

At the Internal Medicine department or at the Pediatrics Center at ABC Medical Center, we can provide you with specialized care. Contact us!