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Precision Medicine
4 May 2021
It is a chronic disease, where the pancreas has deficiencies or is unable to generate insulin, which is responsible for controlling glucose so that it is integrated at the cellular level for energy production.
The origin of this incurable but controllable condition is unknown. However, it has been identified that the immune system, which defends the body from infections and foreign agents, mistakenly attacks and eliminates the islets of Langerhans, which are the pancreatic cells that produce insulin.
Similarly, genetic predisposition, some viral infections, and environmental issues have been identified as possible causes.
When suffering from type 1 diabetes, the blood is filled with sugar by not having enough insulin to allow it to enter the cells, causing various health problems that can be fatal if not treated promptly and efficiently.
Normally, this disease appears in children and adolescents, although it is also possible to appear in adults.
A cure has not yet been found, so the treatment seeks to control the blood sugar level through insulin, combined with a healthy diet and an active lifestyle, factors that can prevent complications.
If proper treatment is not followed, type 1 diabetes seriously damages the body, causing complications that affect the patient’s quality of life and can be fatal:
Symptoms sometimes take time to appear clearly, but they also usually appear suddenly, including the following:
In addition to analyzing the symptoms and clinical history, your doctor will request a glycosylated hemoglobin test, which indicates your blood sugar level in three months, among other tests. If your measurement exceeds 6.5%, the diagnosis is confirmed.
The treatment to follow includes:
The purpose of treatment is to stop the disease progression by keeping the blood sugar level within normal parameters for as long as possible, thus avoiding serious complications.
At ABC Medical Center’s Internal Medicine Department, we offer health care services with the highest quality and safety, from the prevention, diagnosis, timely treatment, and monitoring of infectious, respiratory, endocrinological, dermatological, rheumatic, nephrological, gastrointestinal, and hematological pathologies of both chronic-degenerative diseases and acute conditions, through a comprehensive and multidisciplinary model.
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Precision Medicine
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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines
Pfizer-
BioNTech
Pfizer-BioNTech
What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?
Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.
How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).
Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.
What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.
How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.
Moderna
What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?
Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.
How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).
Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.
What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.
How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.
Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson
Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson
What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?
Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.
Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>
How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.
Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.
What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.
How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.
AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University
AstraZeneca and Oxford University
What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?
Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).
Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.
What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.
How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.
Sputnik V
What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?
Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).
Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.
What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.
How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.
Anti-Herpes Zoster
Herpes zoster is a painful, burning rash. It usually appears on one part of the body and can last for several weeks. It can cause long-lasting severe pain and scarring. Bacterial skin infections, weakness, muscle paralysis, hearing or vision loss may occur less frequently. Herpes zoster is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. After you have had chickenpox, the virus that caused it remains in the body of nerve cells. Sometimes after many years, the virus becomes active again and causes herpes zoster.
Vaccination is indicated in the following cases:
Scheme type:
Rabies
Human rabies is a viral disease transmitted by the bite of an infected animal. It is characterized by acute encephalomyelitis (an aggressive response of the immune system that destroys the myelin layer of the nerves and alters its function at the level of the brain or spinal cord).
Vaccination is indicated in the following cases:
Scheme type:
There are two types.
1. Pre-exposure scheme, consists of three doses of rabies vaccine:
2. Post-exposure scheme, people not vaccinated against rabies, consists of five doses of rabies vaccine.
* If the individual continues to be at risk of exposure to the disease, revaccination should be considered.
Pneumococcal vaccines
Pneumococcal disease can cause serious infections in the lungs (pneumonia), the bloodstream (bacteremia), and the lining of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis).
Two vaccines help prevent pneumococcal disease:
Vaccination is indicated in the following cases:
Scheme type:
*One dose of Pneumococcal 13 vaccine should be given first, followed by one dose of Pneumococcal 23 vaccine, depending on your age and health.