What is microangiopathy?

Microangiopathy is a heart condition characterized by shortness of breath, chest pain or tightness, fatigue, and lack of energy, among other discomforts, due to the narrowing and poor functioning of the small cardiac arteries.

Microangiopathy—also known as coronary microvascular disease or small vessel disease—is more common in people with diabetes or high blood pressure, and in women.

Clinical studies indicate that the causes of microangiopathy are the same as those of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes. In other words, it is caused by the buildup of fatty plaques inside the arteries that hinder blood flow.

Certain factors can affect the arteries and promote the development of this condition, including:

• Family history of microangiopathy
• Being 50 years or older
• Poor nutrition
• High cholesterol and triglyceride levels
• Insulin resistance
• Overweight and obesity
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Smoking

The clinical manifestation of microangiopathy can vary, reflecting impaired blood flow in the small vessels of the heart. These signs may be subtle or mistaken for other cardiovascular diseases, making early recognition difficult.

The main symptoms of microangiopathy include:

• Low energy levels
• Difficulty breathing
• Chest tightness, which may worsen with emotional stress or physical activity
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Chronic fatigue
• Discomfort in the left arm, neck, back, abdomen, or jaw

The biggest risk of microangiopathy is the strain placed on the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body, which can lead to a heart attack.

Your doctor will evaluate your symptoms and medical history, perform a physical examination, and order a series of tests to make an accurate diagnosis and confirm the condition. These may include:

• Coronary angiography
• Echocardiogram
• Stress test
• Computed tomography (CT scan)
• Treatment for microangiopathy

Treatment will depend on each individual case but generally includes cardiac medications, regular medical checkups, and a healthy lifestyle, which involves:

• Regular physical activity
• A balanced, low-fat diet
• Maintaining a healthy weight

At the Vascular, Arterial, and Venous Disease area of ABC Medical Center, we offer specialized care. Contact us!