Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a decrease in bone density due to the loss of bone tissue, which leaves bones weaker and more susceptible to fractures, whether from trauma or simply from the everyday weight-bearing stress bones are exposed to.
Dr. Lorenza Martínez Gallardo Prieto, geriatrician and internist at ABC Medical Center, notes that this condition commonly affects women starting at menopause, and men between the ages of 65 and 70, to varying degrees.
In women, osteoporosis results from the drop in estrogen levels that occurs with menopause, although other factors can contribute to it as well, such as prolonged steroid use, rheumatoid arthritis, smoking, genetic predisposition, or poor nutrition; these last few factors are also what typically trigger osteoporosis in men.
Unfortunately, osteoporosis doesn’t cause any noticeable symptoms, it doesn’t cause pain or fatigue, and can only be detected through specialized tests, or after a fracture has already occurred.
To reach an accurate diagnosis, a bone density scan (DXA) is needed, notes Dr. Martínez. This test measures the degree of bone mineralization, including calcium content, and helps assess bone density. It’s recommended that this test be done on both the hip and spine for a more reliable result.
Although women and men initially begin facing osteoporosis risk at different ages, around 55 for women, specifically after menopause, and 65 for men, by the time both reach age 70, their risk levels become equal.
There’s no guaranteed way to prevent osteoporosis but, eating a diet rich in calcium and other essential nutrients, along with doing strength-based exercise like walking, running, or lifting weights, can help prevent or reduce the risk of developing this condition.
Once osteoporosis, or osteopenia, a milder weakening of bone mineral density that doesn’t reach osteoporosis levels, has been diagnosed, the endocrinologist will determine the appropriate treatment based on each case. This may involve simply adjusting diet and exercise habits, or may require medication, which can be taken orally or administered subcutaneously or intravenously.
Additional calcium and vitamin D intake will also likely be needed to help strengthen the patient’s bones.
It’s worth noting that different types of doctors can diagnose this condition. While the endocrinologist specializes in treating osteoporosis, a gynecologist can also detect it in female patients and begin treatment, while for older adults, a geriatrician may make the diagnosis.
Osteoporosis has no cure, but bone demineralization can be reversed to some extent. It’s important for everyone, based on their individual risk factors, to get an annual diagnostic test to stay informed about their bone health and take steps to avoid situations that could lead to fractures or other related complications.
At ABC Medical Center’s Internal Medicine area or at the Women’s Center, we can provide you with specialized care. Contact us!
