HIV, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a virus that, once contracted, begins destroying the body’s immune cells, primarily CD4 lymphocytes, which are responsible for defending the body against viruses, fungi, parasites, and even certain bacteria, notes Dr. Suria Elizabeth Loza Jalil, infectious disease specialist at ABC Medical Center.
The World Health Organization notes that HIV remains one of the world’s most significant public health challenges, having claimed 40.4 million lives (with a range of 32.9 to 51.3 million); as of 2022, an estimated 39 million people were living with the virus.
AIDS, or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. At this stage, severe complications can arise that, if left untreated or undetected, can become life-threatening, which is why it’s essential to see a specialist.
People who reach the AIDS stage can experience a wide range of symptoms, generally including fever, weight loss, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, as well as the onset of other severe illnesses or infections.
Progressing to AIDS is typically a long process for someone living with HIV, it can take anywhere from eight to ten years from the time of infection, notes Dr. Loza. For this reason, it’s important to get tested annually, or more frequently if needed, especially for those who are sexually active with multiple partners.
HIV is mainly transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, but can also spread through sharing intravenous drug needles, contact with infected blood, or from a mother to her baby during pregnancy or birth.
At ABC Medical Center’s Internal Medicine area, we can provide you with specialized care. Contact us!
