What is Bipolar disorder?

It is a mental condition that produces abrupt mood changes, such as feeling happy and full of energy and then falling into depression and apathy, altering behavior, reasoning, energy levels, and lucidity.

Until now, the causes that generate bipolar disorder are unknown, but some studies refer to genetic and biological abnormalities that produce changes in brain function and structure.

People with a family history of bipolar disorder, traumatic or stressful situations, or excessive consumption of drugs and alcohol, can trigger their appearance.

This illness, also known as manic depression and manic-depressive disorder, is classified as:

Bipolarity 1: manic episodes lasting an average of seven days or severe manic symptoms that require urgent medical attention.
Bipolarity 2: hypomanic depressive episodes.
Cyclothymic: hypomanic and depressive symptoms.

Signs and symptoms Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder can appear at any age, but it is usually diagnosed during adolescence or after the age of 21.

Symptoms can vary from person to person and change over time, the most common being:

Manic and hypomanic episode:

Irritation or bad mood.
Not being able to fall asleep properly.
Nervousness, acceleration, intense activity.
Rapid or accelerated thoughts and oral expression.
Feeling very optimistic or elated.
Performing risky activities (excessive eating or drinking, poor judgment, having unprotected sex).

Depressive episodes:

Sleeping for many hours or having insomnia.
Slow expression.
Apathy.
Lack of energy.
Suicidal thoughts.
Little or big appetite.
Sadness.
Hopelessness.
Futility.
Social isolation.
Inability to concentrate.

Mixed episode:

Manic and depressive symptoms are manifested. From feeling very sad, you can also be full of energy.

Diagnosis and treatment Bipolar disorder

After reviewing your symptoms and medical history, your doctor will perform a physical examination and order mental assessment tests or other tests to help rule out other conditions.

Although bipolar disorder is an incurable condition, proper treatment helps control symptoms and lead a healthy life:

Antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, anxiolytics, and mood stabilizers.
Psychotherapy to recognize and modify worrisome emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. In addition, it is a support tool for the patient and the family.
Electroconvulsive therapy, recommended for severe cases, in which the brain is electrically stimulated to reduce symptoms. It is also used when the person has shown signs of suicide or is in a catatonic state.
Perform physical exercise regularly to reduce anxiety, depression, and insomnia.
Keep a daily log of moods, sleep patterns, events, and treatments.

At the Neurological Center, a select group of highly trained and certified doctors in the various neurological specialties are ready to assist you with the quality and warmth that characterizes us.

Specialists

Nervous system specialties

Neurology
Neurosurgery
Spine surgery
Pediatric neurosurgery
Neurophysiology
Neuro-rehabilitation
Neuro-pathology
Interventional neuro-radiology
Neuropsychology
Neuro-oncology
Neuro-otology
Epilepsy
Neuro-ophthalmology
Neuroimaging

Related centers and departments

Neurology Center
High Specialty Surgery Center
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

neurorgs.net
mayoclinic.org
medlineplus.gov
cun.es
fesemi.org
msdmanuals.com
medigraphic.com
Hernández-Martínez HE, Ochoa-Madrigal MG. Manejo y comorbilidades de los trastornos bipolares en la infancia y adolescencia. Rev Fac Med UNAM. 2020;63(6):40-50.
Ramírez VX, Arias LML, Madrigal ZS. Actualización del trastorno afectivo bipolar. Revista Médica Sinergia. 2020;5(09):1-14.
Castañeda FM, Becerra PC, Tirado DEG, et al. Propiedades psicométricas de la prueba breve de funcionamiento (FAST) en pacientes bipolares mexicanos. Rev Elec Psic Izt. 2020;23(1):278-290.
Gutiérrez MH, Hernández JL, Rodríguez RL. Características evolutivas del trastorno afectivo bipolar de la adultez a la tercera edad. Acta Med Cent. 2019;13(4):575-580.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is Bipolar disorder?

Signs and symptoms Bipolar disorder

Diagnosis and treatment Bipolar disorder

Specialists

Related centers and departments

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Bipolar disorder