What is Congenital heart diseases?

They are a group of conditions characterized by the appearance of structural defects in the heart from birth. Currently, they are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns.

According to figures from the American Heart Association, 8 out of every 1,000 newborns in the world have congenital heart disease.

Main causes:

Although there are multiple origins of congenital heart diseases, and in some cases are still unknown, there are some factors that can increase their probability, such as:

Family history of congenital heart disease.
If the mother has or had diabetes.
If the mother consumed alcohol, drugs, and/or certain drugs during pregnancy.
If the mother is HIV carrier or has AIDS.

Signs and symptoms Congenital heart diseases

In many cases of congenital heart disease, specific signs and symptoms are not present and are likely to go unnoticed. However, there could be some such as:

Pale or bluish skin.
Fatigue.
Irregular heart rate.
Inflammation of organs and tissues.
Respiratory problems.

Diagnosis and treatment Congenital heart diseases

Although most cases are timely diagnosed, even before birth, there are children who could be diagnosed later in their development.

Some of the most frequent diagnostic studies are chest x-ray, EKG, and cardiac ultrasound to observe abnormalities and analyze their severity.

Treatment options:

Congenital heart diseases vary widely, with some conditions being able to correct themselves during the development phase or be treated with medications. However, there are also more complex cases that may require surgical intervention.

It is important to point out that it will always be essential to follow up the treatment through specialized doctors to observe improvements and prevent complications.

At ABC we have the Pediatric Heart Center where, together with Kardias, we care for children with congenital heart disease thanks to the participation of a multidisciplinary medical team trained to offer timely diagnosis and treatment. Come to us, we want to hear your heart.

Related centers and departments

Cardiovascular Center
Pediatric Heart Center
High Specialty Surgery Center
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

Stanford Children’s Health
fundación española del corazón
sociedad española del corazón
medigraphic.org
Armas LM, Sierra RE, Rodríguez CY, et al. Morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal por cardiopatías congénitas. Rev Cubana Pediatr. 2019;91(1):1-10.
Colectivo de a autores. Neonatología: Diagnóstico y tratamiento. Afecciones cardiovasculares: Enfoque diagnóstico de las cardiopatías congénitas. La Habana: Editorial Ciencias Médicas; 2012.
Santacruz SS, Haro AME, Anzaldo CMC, et al. Correlación de diagnósticos ecocardiográficos, angiotomográficos y quirúrgicos en niños con diagnóstico de cardiopatía congénita. Anales de Radiología México. 2019;18(1):12-17.
Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Cardiopatías congénitas. En: Bonow R0, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P. Braunwald E, editores. Tratado de Cardiología. Texto de medicina cardiovascular. Cardiopatías congénitas. 9na edición. España: Elsevier España, S.L.; 2013. p. 1430-44.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is Congenital heart diseases?

Signs and symptoms Congenital heart diseases

Diagnosis and treatment Congenital heart diseases

Related centers and departments

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Congenital heart diseases