What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)?

4 May 2021

It is a chronic disease whose affectation consists of pulmonary obstruction, restricting the passage of air to the lungs, being one of the main conditions caused by smoking, although it can also be due to prolonged exposure to smoke, pollution, chemicals, or suspended particles.

Despite being an incurable progressive disease, if the patient receives the appropriate treatment and follows the medical indications, it is possible to control the symptoms and lead a good quality of life.

Signs and symptoms Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Shortness of breath and breathing difficulties that worsen when doing any physical activity.
Tiredness and weakness.
Lower limb swelling.
Recurrent respiratory infections.
Tightness in the chest.
Weight loss.
Noises or wheezing when breathing.
Chronic cough.

Potential risks:

People with COPD have a higher risk of developing:

Lung cancer.
Cardiovascular diseases.
Pneumonia.
High blood pressure.

Diagnosis and treatment Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

After having a physical examination and analyzing your medical history, your doctor will request pulmonary function tests, blood tests, X-rays, and computed tomography to assess the degree of involvement of the disease and the treatment to be followed, which normally includes anti-inflammatories, painkillers, bronchodilators, antibiotics, oral steroids, oxygen therapy, among others.

In the Pulmonary Physiology and Inhalation Therapy Department we guarantee you the best care in respiratory ailments provided by highly trained medical personnel.

Thanks to an adequate clinical assessment and state-of-the-art equipment in pulmonary function tests, metabolic monitor, and video bronchoscopy, we offer you a timely and accurate diagnosis of your lung function. In addition, we have the most advanced mechanical ventilator system (52 mechanical ventilators).

Services:

Biopsies.
Calorimetry at rest.
Alveolar-capillary CO diffusion capacity.
Pre-bronchodilator spirometry.
Post-bronchodilator spirometry.
Video-bronchoscopy tests.
Cardiopulmonary tests in exercise.
Removal of foreign bodies.
Bronchial sampling.
Complete lung volumes.

Related centers and departments Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Fuentes:

mayoclinic.org
nhlbi.nih.gov
fesemi.org
topdoctors.es
medlineplus.gov
medigraphic.com
De la Torre CY, Pedroso MI, Falcón CP. Calidad de vida en pacientes con síntomas respiratorios crónicos. Invest Medicoquir. 2018;10(1):65-80.
Barboza HM. Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Revista Médica Sinergia. 2017;2(06):10-14.
Vázquez-García JC, Benítez-Pérez RE, Sánchez-Gallén E, et al. Estrategia de telesalud para mejorar el diagnóstico de EPOC y asma en México en el primer nivel de atención. Neumol Cir Torax. 2021;80(1):11-18. doi:10.35366/99449.
Che-Morales JL, Valle-Piña J, Carrillo-Chana J. Síndrome de sobreposición asma-enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: perfil clínico-funcional. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2019;57(5):284-290.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)?

Signs and symptoms Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Diagnosis and treatment Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Related centers and departments Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)