What is miscarriage?

27 April 2021

The abrupt and unexpected termination of pregnancy naturally prior to reaching 20 weeks is called miscarriage. Half of the pregnancies usually end by miscarriage that occurs in the first 12 weeks and in most cases are so early that they go unnoticed.

Types of abortion

The classification depends on when it occurs:

Early: before the first 12 weeks.
Late: beyond the first 12 weeks.

Risks

The potential risks of suffering a miscarriage are significantly higher after 40 years of age (25-30% probability), while they are lower between 20 and 30 years.

Women who have already had one abortion are more likely to have a second abortion, and those who have had two abortions are more likely to have a third.

Why does a miscarriage occur?

The causes may vary, but it normally occurs when there are genetic diseases and the fetus has slowed its growth, the woman has an abnormal uterus, has uncontrolled diabetes, has an incompatible blood group, or suffers an accident or strong blow.

Signs and symptoms Miscarriage

The warning signs that a miscarriage will occur and that you should go to the ABC Emergency Room are mainly belly pain, vaginal bleeding, dilation of the cervix, fever over 38ºC, and if you notice that you have passed something solid through the vagina, or a viscous fluid with a very bad smell is flowing out.

Diagnosis and treatment Miscarriage

When there is bleeding equal to or greater than that of menstruation during pregnancy, a miscarriage surely occurred, but the study necessary to have an accurate diagnosis is to perform an ultrasound that confirms that the fetus no longer has a heartbeat, accompanied by a blood count to verify hormonal levels.

Prevention factors

Although it is not possible to prevent it, you can minimize the possibilities by following these recommendations:

Do not consume tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine.
Be careful not to receive abdominal blows and to avoid falls.
Maintain healthy habits before and during pregnancy.
Prevent infections and diseases that increase risk such as diabetes.
Consult your doctor about the intake of any medication.

At ABC Medical Center we have a team of experts in the various branches of gynecology ready to serve you with world-class quality and safety standards, as well as the humane treatment and warmth that characterizes us. Come to us and you will receive the best care available in Mexico and Latin America.

We are pioneers in gynecologic laparoscopy, which allows us to offer you the best treatment options, with shorter hospitalization times, as well as a faster and less painful recovery, taking care of the aesthetic aspect with smaller scars than open surgeries. We offer you robot-assisted gynecologic surgeries, being an even less invasive and more precise procedure that provides benefits such as:

20% of the total robot surgeries of ABC Medical Center correspond to this specialty, which places us as a cutting-edge institution with vast experience and leadership in the field for the benefit of our patients.

Related centers and departments Miscarriage

High Specialty Surgery Center
Ob-Gyn and Pediatrics Center
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

medlineplus.gov
mayoclinic.org
cigna.com
medigraphic.com
Pérez-Arciniegas E, Godoy-Albornoz D, Quiroz-Figuera D, et al. Aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos del aborto en un hospital de Upata. Estado Bolívar-Venezuela. Rev Biomed. 2016;27(1):3-9.
Rivadeneyra-Espinar PG, Venegas-Esquivel GA, Díaz-Espinoza CM, et al. Zika como causa de aborto espontáneo en zonas endémicas. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2019;76(4):193-197.
Hernández-Gómez M, Meléndez-Hernández R, Rojas-Saiz WH, et al. Aneuploidia recurrente en pérdida gestacional del primer trimestre: reporte de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2013;81(12):733-737.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is miscarriage?

Signs and symptoms Miscarriage

Diagnosis and treatment Miscarriage

Related centers and departments Miscarriage

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Miscarriage