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What is paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system?
11 December 2025
Paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system are a group of conditions that arise as a result of the side effects of cancer and the activation of the immune system. The immune system not only fights cancer cells but also attacks the cells in the brain, spinal cord, muscles, and peripheral nerves.
These syndromes can damage coordination and muscle movement, memory, thinking ability, and sensory perception.
They manifest most frequently in patients with breast, ovarian, lung, and testicular cancer. However, they can also affect other organs.
According to the affected area, paraneoplastic syndromes are classified as:
- Cutaneous (skin)
- Digestive
- Endocrine
- General
- Hematological
- Neurological
- Renal (kidney)
- Rheumatological
Symptoms: Paraneoplastic Syndromes
The symptoms vary depending on the affected organs or systems, with the most evident signs being:
- Confusion.
- Seizure episodes.
- Lack of strength (weakness).
- Dementia.
- Erectile dysfunction.
- Memory loss.
- Dry mouth.
- Loss of balance.
- Visual disturbances.
- Movement problems.
- Abnormal sensations.
Diagnosis and Treatment: Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Once the specialist doctor analyzes your symptoms and clinical history, they will perform a physical examination and request various tests, such as:
- Neurological exams.
- Blood tests.
- Lumbar puncture (spinal tap).
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
- Computed Tomography (CT scan).
Treatment for paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system will depend on the type, size, and location of the tumor, but generally includes:
- Corticosteroids.
- Immunosuppressants.
- Immunoglobulins.
- Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis).
At the Neurological Center, a group of highly trained and certified doctors in various neurological specialties are prepared to treat you with the quality and warmth that characterizes us.
Related centers and departments Paraneoplastic Syndromes of the Nervous System
Fuentes:
- neurologia.com
- cochrane.org
- topdoctors.com
- cun.es
- mayoclinic.org
- medlineplus.gov
- elsevier.es
- msdmanuals.com
- medigraphic.com
- Guilombo-Salcedo G, Barrera-Neira CA, Gutiérrez-Álvarez C. Miastenia gravis como síndrome paraneoplásico en un tumor de ovario. Reporte de caso y revisión de la bibliografía. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2022;90(04):371-377.
- Di Bernardo G, Ramírez PL, Aquino AÁ, et al. Nefropatía membranosa paraneoplásica por nódulo pulmonar solitario en paciente joven. Rev Nefrol Dial Traspl. 2022;42(2):144-148.
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The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.
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