What is Rhinitis?

It is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa characterized by the presence of recurrent sneezing, congestion, and excessive mucus. It usually lasts a few hours and is repeated for several days.

Rhinitis is classified into:

Allergic
Non-allergic.

In the case of non-allergic rhinitis several factors contribute to its appearance:

Some medications such as beta-blockers, painkillers, and antidepressants, among others.
Very hot or overly seasoned foods.
Alcohol.
Environmental changes.
Hormonal disorders.
Sleep apnea.
Gastroesophageal reflux.
Being exposed to pollutants, chemicals, and cigarette smoke.
Viral infections.
Diabetes.
Excessive use of nasal decongestants.

Signs and symptoms Rhinitis

Symptoms are intermittent and include:

Nasal congestion.
Runny nose.
Frequent sneezing.
Loss of smell
Mucus in the throat.
Coughing fits.

Rhinitis can cause complications, such as:

Sinusitis.
Polyps inside the nose.

Diagnosis and treatment Rhinitis

Rhinitis can be caused by an allergic reaction, so your doctor, who in addition to performing a physical examination and reviewing your medical history, will request:

Blood test.
Skin test
Nasal endoscopy.
Computed tomography.

Nonallergic rhinitis is usually treated with nasal sprays:

Saline solution.
Corticosteroids.
Antihistamines.
Anticholinergics.
Decongestants

In severe cases, such as a deviated nasal septum or the presence of nasal polyps, surgery may be required to correct these abnormalities.

Prevention:

If you suffer from non-allergic rhinitis:

Avoid the factors that trigger it.
Do not abuse nasal decongestants, as they can worsen symptoms and lead to further complications.

At the ABC Medical Center Internal Medicine Department we offer health care services with the highest quality and safety, from prevention, diagnosis, timely treatment, and monitoring of infectious, respiratory, endocrinological, dermatological, rheumatic, nephrological, gastrointestinal, and hematological pathologies, of chronic-degenerative diseases and acute conditions, through a comprehensive and multidisciplinary model.

Related centers and departments

Internal medicine
High Specialty Surgery Center
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

cdc.gov
mayoclinic.org
medlineplus.gov
msdmanuals.com
cun.es
medigraphic.com
Cerino JR, Carballo CM, García CR. Estigmas atópicos en preescolares con rinitis alérgica. Alerg Asma Inmunol Pediatr. 2007;16(2):47-53.
Martínez OBL, Pedroza M?, Contreras VFA. Inmunoterapia intralinfática para el manejo de patologías alérgicas en el paciente pediátrico. Revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos. Alerg Asma Inmunol Pediatr. 2021;30(1):5-12. doi:10.35366/100111.
Salazar GDM, Guerrero MAL, Flores ALP. Perfil estacional en adultos con rinitis alérgica en una unidad de medicina familiar. Aten Fam. 2021;28(2):106-110.
Martínez-Salazar NE, Márquez-López OL. Utilidad del flujo nasal inspiratorio pico para evaluar el grado de obstrucción nasal con la escala NOSE como herramienta de pronóstico de respuesta al tratamiento de rinitis alérgica. Otorrinolaringología. 2019;64(3):84-90.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is Rhinitis?

Signs and symptoms Rhinitis

Diagnosis and treatment Rhinitis

Related centers and departments

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Rhinitis