What is sarcoma?

4 May 2021

It is a variety of cancer that develops in the bones and connective tissues of the body, also called soft tissues, such as muscles, nerves, ligaments, fat, tendons, and lymphatic and blood vessels. The most affected areas are usually the arms and legs, although the malignant tumor can also develop at the level of the head, neck, abdominal cavity, and trunk.

Although the cause of a sarcoma is unknown, several factors can contribute to its appearance, such as:

Contact with the herpes virus.
Contact with chemical substances.
Lymphedema.
Hereditary disorders
Radiological treatments.

More than 75 types of sarcoma have been identified, the most common being:

Ewing.
Kaposi.
Soft tissue.
Synovial.
Epithelioid.
Angiosarcoma.
Chondrosarcoma.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
Fibrosarcoma.
Leiomyosarcoma.
Liposarcoma.
Myxofibrosarcoma.
OsteosarcomaSymptoms:

Signs and symptoms Sarcoma

The symptoms will depend on the condition, but the characteristic signs consist of:

Abdominal pain.
Aching bones.
Unjustified bone fractures.
Decreased body weight.
Painful lump that can be felt.

If the sarcoma is located in the upper and lower limbs, inflammation occurs. If it appears in the abdominal cavity, the characteristic symptoms are bleeding and intestinal obstruction.

Diagnosis and treatment Sarcoma

Once your doctor analyzes your symptoms and clinical history, they will perform a physical examination and request the following tests to make an accurate diagnosis:

Blood test.
Imaging studies:
Ultrasound.
X-rays.
MRI.
Computed tomography.
Positron emission tomography (PET).
Biopsies.

The appropriate treatment for your case is established according to your type of sarcoma, its location, and the stage in which it is found, but the most common is to resort to surgery to eliminate cancer cells in combination with other tools, either before or after surgery, such as:

Immunotherapy.
Chemotherapy.
Radiotherapy.
Ablation therapy.
Targeted therapy.

Since its inauguration in 2009, our Cancer Center offers chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments at the level of the best medical centers in the world through a comprehensive care model for cancer patients.

Related centers and departments Sarcoma

Cancer Center
Internal medicine
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

cancer.org
cancer.net
cancer.gov
mayoclinic.org
medlineplus.gov
medigraphic.com
Hinojosa GJ, Villalobos PA, Hernández MOR. Sarcoma de Ewing extraóseo. An Med Asoc Med Hosp ABC. 2021;66(4):283-287. doi:10.35366/102928.
León PJC, Sáez CC, Pujadas RX. Sarcoma de Kaposi epidémico en gestante del tercer trimestre. Revista Cubana de Obstetricia y Ginecología. 2020;46(4):1-11.
Alpízar-QuesadaO. Sarcoma de Kaposi perianal. Mediciego. 2019;25(3):372-373.
Ibargüengoitia-Ochoa F, Lira-Plascencia J, Gallardo-Gómez F, et al. Sarcomas durante el embarazo: reporte de dos casos y revisión bibliográfica. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2021;89(06):497-502.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is sarcoma?

Signs and symptoms Sarcoma

Diagnosis and treatment Sarcoma

Related centers and departments Sarcoma

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Sarcoma