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Precision Medicine
25 September 2025
Tachycardia is an abnormality where a person’s heart rate is faster than normal while at rest, exceeding 100 beats per minute. A normal heart rate is typically between 60 and 100 beats per minute.
With tachycardia, the heart is forced to overwork as it has to pump blood faster. If not diagnosed and treated in time, it can lead to a stroke (cerebrovascular event), heart failure, or a heart attack, which can leave a person with lasting health problems or even be fatal.
This condition is due to an alteration in the heart’s electrical impulses, caused by any of the following factors:
Sometimes, it’s not possible to identify the cause of the tachycardia, but some genetic inheritance factors can contribute to its onset.
There are several types of tachycardia, including:
Although tachycardia can be asymptomatic in many cases, some people may experience symptoms that affect their well-being and quality of life. Identifying these symptoms is crucial to determine the severity of the episode and seek timely medical attention. The most common symptoms include:
Tachycardia can lead to serious, life-threatening complications.
The diagnosis of tachycardia begins with a detailed clinical evaluation, where the doctor gathers information about the patient’s symptoms, their frequency, duration, and any known triggering factors.
In addition, a physical exam should be performed to measure heart rate and blood pressure, and to look for signs that might indicate a possible underlying cause, such as heart murmurs, paleness, or excessive sweating.

It is necessary to inquire about the patient’s and their family’s medical history, as some forms of tachycardia may be related to genetic predisposition or pre-existing diseases such as hypertension, thyroid disorders, or heart failure.
To confirm the diagnosis and determine the specific type of tachycardia, complementary studies are used, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), which analyzes the heart’s electrical activity at rest.
A 24- to 48-hour Holter monitor may be required in cases where the episodes are intermittent; this device records heart activity over prolonged periods.
Stress tests, echocardiograms, or electrophysiological studies may be necessary to identify structural abnormalities or changes in the heart’s electrical conduction, providing key information for giving the proper treatment.
Depending on the underlying cause of the tachycardia, its frequency, the duration of the episodes, and the impact it has on the patient’s health, the most appropriate treatment must be chosen.
In mild or episodic cases, only lifestyle changes may be recommended, such as reducing caffeine, alcohol, or tobacco consumption. Regular exercise and stress management techniques may also be advised.
For cases where there is a greater impact on the person’s health, pharmacological treatment such as beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers may be needed to help regulate the heart rate.
In more severe cases, medical procedures like electrical cardioversion or catheter ablation can be used. The implantation of an automatic defibrillator may be indicated for patients at risk of dangerous arrhythmias.
It is important to see a specialist not only to treat the tachycardia but also to understand its origin and address its cause.
It is possible to prevent tachycardia by modifying habits to lead a healthy lifestyle:
Contact the Arrhythmia Clinic at Centro Médico ABC for specialized care!
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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines
Pfizer-
BioNTech
Pfizer-BioNTech
What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?
Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.
How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).
Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.
What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.
How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.
Moderna
What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?
Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.
How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).
Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.
What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.
How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.
Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson
Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson
What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?
Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.
Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>
How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.
Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.
What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.
How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.
AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University
AstraZeneca and Oxford University
What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?
Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).
Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.
What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.
How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.
Sputnik V
What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?
Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).
Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.
What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.
How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.
Anti-Herpes Zoster
Herpes zoster is a painful, burning rash. It usually appears on one part of the body and can last for several weeks. It can cause long-lasting severe pain and scarring. Bacterial skin infections, weakness, muscle paralysis, hearing or vision loss may occur less frequently. Herpes zoster is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. After you have had chickenpox, the virus that caused it remains in the body of nerve cells. Sometimes after many years, the virus becomes active again and causes herpes zoster.
Vaccination is indicated in the following cases:
Scheme type:
Rabies
Human rabies is a viral disease transmitted by the bite of an infected animal. It is characterized by acute encephalomyelitis (an aggressive response of the immune system that destroys the myelin layer of the nerves and alters its function at the level of the brain or spinal cord).
Vaccination is indicated in the following cases:
Scheme type:
There are two types.
1. Pre-exposure scheme, consists of three doses of rabies vaccine:
2. Post-exposure scheme, people not vaccinated against rabies, consists of five doses of rabies vaccine.
* If the individual continues to be at risk of exposure to the disease, revaccination should be considered.
Pneumococcal vaccines
Pneumococcal disease can cause serious infections in the lungs (pneumonia), the bloodstream (bacteremia), and the lining of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis).
Two vaccines help prevent pneumococcal disease:
Vaccination is indicated in the following cases:
Scheme type:
*One dose of Pneumococcal 13 vaccine should be given first, followed by one dose of Pneumococcal 23 vaccine, depending on your age and health.