What is testicular cancer?

4 May 2021

It is the most common cancer in adolescents and young men. It usually starts in the testicular cells that produce immature sperm, which are altered for unknown reasons and their uncontrolled growth causes a kind of mass in the testicle. If detected early, it is one of the most treatable cancers with the best prognosis. Certain conditions can favor the appearance of testicular cancer, such as:

Family background.
Abnormal testicular development.
Although it can appear at any age, there is a higher incidence between the ages of 15 to 35.
Cryptorchidism or undescended testicles.
HIV/AIDS.
Smoking.
Klinefelter syndrome.

There are two types of testicular cancer:

Seminoma. These tumors occur more frequently in older adults and are usually less aggressive.
Not seminoma. They appear at an early age and usually develop quickly, being classified into:
Embryonic carcinoma.
Choriocarcinoma.
Teratoma.
From the yolk sac.

Signs and symptoms Testicular cancer

The characteristic symptoms consist of:

Sudden accumulation of fluid in the scrotum.
Testicular swelling.
Abdominal or groin pain.
Sore back.
Discomfort in a testicle or scrotum.
Heaviness in the scrotum.
Breast tenderness or enlargement.

Diagnosis and treatment Testicular cancer

To detect it, your doctor, in addition to performing a physical examination and checking your medical history, will request blood tests and imaging studies, such as testicular ultrasound and computed tomography of the abdomen, chest, and pelvis.

Additional tests may also be needed to find out if the cancer has spread to other areas of your body. If the lump is determined to be cancerous, you’ll likely need surgery to remove the testicle and have it tested to find out what type of cancer it is and what to do next.

Treatment and its duration will depend on the type of testicular cancer, how advanced it is, whether it has spread to another part of your body, and your physical condition, but it usually includes:

Radiotherapy.
Chemotherapy.

Each case is different and the combination of therapies varies, so your doctor will determine the optimal treatment plan for you. The short-term goal is the remission of the disease and to achieve a total cure in the long term.

Since its opening in 2009, our Cancer Center offers chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments at the level of the best medical centers in the world through a comprehensive care model for cancer patients.

Related centers and departments Testicular cancer

Cancer Center
Internal medicine
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

cancer.org
cancer.net
cancer.gov
mayoclinic.org
medlineplus.gov
medigraphic.com
Costilla-Montero A, Guadarrama-Benítez B, Aragón-Castro M, et al. Cáncer testicular. Experiencia en el Centro Médico del Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de México y Municipios (ISSEMyM). Rev Mex Urol. 2011;71(6):307-313.
Saavedra AJA, Ramírez CCR, Peña MGA, et al. Cáncer de testículo. Anales de Radiología México. 2009;8(1):47-59.
Ávila NÁE, Chávez SGC, Astigueta PJCA. Bilateral metachronous and seminomatous testicular cáncer. RCU. 2019;8(2):130-135.
Gurrola-Ortega Á, Sánchez-Núñez JE, Rivera-Astorga H, et al. Testicular cancer: Incidence, epidemiology and etiology. Five years of experience at the Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga. Rev Mex Urol. 2018;78(5):347-353.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is testicular cancer?

Signs and symptoms Testicular cancer

Diagnosis and treatment Testicular cancer

Related centers and departments Testicular cancer

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Testicular cancer