What is thyroid diseases?

4 May 2021

Of great importance for metabolism regulation, the thyroid gland is responsible for producing the hormone that controls multiple body functions, including heartbeat speed and the use of energy provided by calories.

This gland’s main diseases are:

Hypothyroidism: when there is a deficiency of thyroid hormone since the gland produces very little.
Hyperthyroidism: is when there is an excess production of thyroid hormone.

Signs and symptoms Thyroid diseases

Hypothyroidism:

Symptoms are variable and depend on how big the thyroid hormone deficiency is, normally, at first there are no clear symptoms, but once they appear they worsen gradually:

Dry skin.
Tiredness.
Overweight and obesity.
Muscle and joint pain.
Weakness.
Slowing of the heart rate and metabolism.
Depressive episodes.
Memory loss.
Goiter (the thyroid increases in volume).
High cholesterol.
Constipation.

Hyperthyroidism:

Goiter.
Cardiac arrhythmia.
Tachycardia and palpitations.
Decrease in body weight.
Insomnia.
Voracious appetite.
Stress, anxiety, and fits of anger.
Trembling hands.
Excessive sweating.
Weakness.

Potential risks:

Hypothyroidism:

Women who are over 55 years old are more prone.
Someone in your family with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
Suffering from an autoimmune disease.
Having received radioiodine therapy.
Radiation therapy treatment to the neck, head, or chest

When this disease is not treated properly or does not receive any treatment, it can trigger serious events, such as goiter (when it is very serious it can hinder breathing and swallowing), heart deficiencies, mental disorders, neuropathies, and infertility.

Hyperthyroidism:

The potential risks are:

If you are a woman and have a family member who has suffered from thyroid diseases or Graves’ disease.
If you have diabetes or anemia.

This condition can cause serious health problems such as osteoporosis, heart deficiencies, and ophthalmological complications.

Diagnosis and treatment Thyroid diseases

Hypothyroidism:

The diagnosis is established through a blood test in which the TSH and thyroxine levels can be seen, while the therapy consists of the daily intake of levothyroxine (synthetic hormone) for life.

Hyperthyroidism:

The diagnosis is confirmed by a blood test to establish TSH and thyroxine levels, while the most common treatments are radioiodine, antithyroid drugs, and thyroidectomy (removal of the gland).

At the Nutrition & Obesity Center we offer you comprehensive care according to your needs to help you have a healthy lifestyle, control your weight, change your body composition, prevent and manage associated diseases, as well as improve your physical and sports performance.

We have specialized schemes for accelerated and sustained weight loss under the supervision of a multidisciplinary team, based on safe and scientifically supported methods.

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Index

Content

Signs and symptoms Thyroid diseases
Diagnosis and treatment Thyroid diseases
Related centers and departments

Sources

mayoclinic.org | cigna.com | sos-bariatria.com | medlineplus.gov | medigraphic.com | Jiménez GY, Martínez BY, Martínez DO, et al. Caracterización de pacientes con patologías tiroideas intervenidos quirúrgicamente. Finlay. 2018;8(4):258-266. | Álvarez AD. Primer evento científico sobre enfermedades del tiroides realizado en Cuba. Rev Cuba Endoc. 2018;29(2):1-5. | Valdivia-Herrera M, Rosales-Medina J, Runzer-Colmenares FM, et al. Riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con Hipotiroidismo. Rev Cubana Cardiol Cir Cardiovasc. 2020;26(1):1-2. | Fernández VR, Pérez CN. Actualización sobre patología tiroidea durante el embarazo: hipotiroidismo e hipertiroidismo. Revista Médica Sinergia. 2020;5(10):1-14.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is thyroid diseases?

Signs and symptoms Thyroid diseases

Diagnosis and treatment Thyroid diseases

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Thyroid diseases

Sources

What is thyroid diseases?

Signs and symptoms Thyroid diseases

Diagnosis and treatment Thyroid diseases

Related centers and departments

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Thyroid diseases

Sources