What is Traumatic brain injury?

It is damage to the brain caused by a blow or trauma to the head, whether due to falls, car or sports accidents, violence, or explosions, among others.

Depending on the intensity of the impact and the severity of the injury, brain involvement may be temporary and have no major consequences, but, in severe cases, a traumatic brain injury can cause internal bleeding, hematomas, and tissue tears, which can cause permanent complications and even endanger life.

Signs and symptoms Traumatic brain injury

The symptoms vary depending on the intensity of the injury:

Mild:

Migraine.
Nausea.
Vomit.
Fatigue.
Somnolescence.
Difficulty speaking.
Dizziness.
Blurred vision.
Ringing in the ears.
Photosensitivity.
Brief fainting.
Daze.
Confusion.
Anxiety.

Serious:

Long-lasting fainting.
Memory problems.
Intense migraine.
Nausea.
Frequent vomiting.
Seizures.
Hydrocephalus.
Numbness of the hands and feet.
Lack of coordination.
Severe confusion.
Irritability.
Aggressiveness.
Inability to speak.
Coma.

Diagnosis and treatment Traumatic brain injury

In the event of a traumatic brain injury, it is necessary to act quickly and go to the ABC Medical Center Emergency Room to be evaluated and treated promptly.

Traumatologists will apply the Glasgow Coma Scale to determine the severity of the injury, also asking the patient or their companions how and when the trauma occurred.

Additionally, they will perform a series of imaging studies such as MRI and CT scans to observe the location and magnitude of the injury.

The treatment to follow will depend on the seriousness of the damage, so in mild injuries, only rest painkillers and anti-inflammatories are required to control the symptoms; while in severe cases, anticonvulsants, diuretics, drugs to induce coma, surgery, and rehabilitation will be needed.

At the Neurology Center, a group of highly trained and certified doctors in various neurological specialties are prepared to serve you with the quality and warmth that sets us apart.

Related centers and departments

Neurology Center
High Specialty Surgery Center
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

cun.es
topdoctors.es
wnyurology.com
mayocilinic.org
medlineplus.gov
elsevier.es
msdmanuals.com
medigraphic.com
Soto-Páramo DG, Pérez-Nieto OR, Deloya-Tomas E, et al. Fisiopatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la lesión cerebral traumática. Rev Neurol Neurocir Psiquiat. 2022;50(1):4-15. doi:10.35366/105545.
Sierra BEM. Controversias sobre la craniectomía descompresiva en la hipertensión intracraneal traumática. Rev Cub Med Int Emerg. 2019;18(4):1-16.
Moscote-Salazar LR, Alvis-Miranda HRI, Ramos-Villegas Y, et al. Hipertensión intracraneal traumática refractaria: el papel de la craniectomía descompresiva. Cir Cir. 2019;87(3):258-264.
Sibaja PA, Gómez HD, Caamaño VP, et al. Contusiones cerebrales traumáticas. Rev Cub Med Int Emerg. 2018;17(Suppl: 2):81-85.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is Traumatic brain injury?

Signs and symptoms Traumatic brain injury

Diagnosis and treatment Traumatic brain injury

Related centers and departments

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Traumatic brain injury