What is Vascular dementia?

Vascular dementia is when, as a result of a deficiency in brain blood flow, progressive and irreversible problems occur in reasoning, planning, understanding, and concentrating, affecting judgment, reasoning, language, and behavior.

This condition can occur due to disorders that affect the blood vessels and decrease circulation, preventing oxygen and other vital nutrients from reaching the brain.

Some factors can trigger the onset of vascular dementia, including:

Atherosclerosis.
High cholesterol.
Diabetes.
Atrial fibrillation and other cardiovascular conditions.
Smoking.
Cerebral hemorrhage.
Hypertension.
Stroke.
Obesity.

Vascular dementia can develop progressively and appear together with Alzheimer’s disease.

Signs and symptoms Vascular dementia

Symptoms depend on the brain area in which the blood flow decreases, but the most characteristic signs include:

Decreased ability to reason.
Depressive periods.
Apathy.
Imbalance or instability when walking.
Disorientation.
Inability to communicate effectively.
Impatience, anxiety, agitation.
Sudden and frequent need to urinate.
Urinary incontinence.
Attention, concentration, and memory problems.

Unlike Alzheimer’s disease, the symptoms are related to mental agility and problem solving, not memory loss.

Diagnosis and treatment Vascular dementia

Once the doctor analyzes your symptoms and clinical history, you will have a physical examination that will include a neurological exam. Likewise, he or she will request blood tests to know your cholesterol and glucose levels, as well as lack of vitamins and thyroid abnormalities.

You may also require brain imaging studies such as MRI and CT scans, which allow your doctor to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other neurological conditions related to loss of reasoning and disorientation.

Additionally, it will apply neuropsychological tests to evaluate your reasoning abilities.

The treatment to be followed will be based on addressing the causes or conditions linked to vascular dementia, focusing mainly on:

Lowering cholesterol levels.
Controlling blood glucose levels.
Avoiding blood clots.
Freeing the arteries from cholesterol.
Lowering blood pressure.

At the Neurological Center, a select group of highly trained and certified doctors in the various neurological specialties are ready to assist you with the quality and warmth that characterizes us.

Nervous system specialties

Neurology
Neurosurgery
Spine surgery
Pediatric neurosurgery
Neurophysiology
Neuro-rehabilitation
Neuro-pathology
Interventional neuro-radiology
Neuropsychology
Neuro-oncology
Neuro-otology
Epilepsy
Neuro-ophthalmology
Neuroimaging

Related centers and departments

Neurology Center
High Specialty Surgery Center
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

svneurologia.org
mayocilinic.org
medlineplus.gov
msdmanuals.com
cun.es
medigraphic.com
Valdevila FJA, Valdevila SR, Orellana RC, et al. Síndrome de Otelo en demencia vascular por infartos múltiples. Correo Científico Médico. 2020;24(4):1315-1322.
Picado OJE, Sandí JA. Perfil del paciente con demencia del programa de atención domiciliaria geriátrica del Hospital Nacional de Geriatría y Gerontología Doctor Raúl Blanco Cervantes – San José, Costa Rica. Revista Médica Sinergia. 2020;5(11):1-10.
Pérez RM, García ZJJ, Martínez BEJ, et al. Caracterización de pacientes geriátricos con demencia vascular. Sancti Spíritus. Gaceta Médica Espirituana. 2017;19(1):.
Muñoz-Pérez MJ, Espinosa-Villaseñor D. Deterioro cognitivo y demencia de origen vascular. Rev Mex Neuroci. 2016;17(6):85-96.
Canciano CE, Silva VN, León LE, et al. Demencia vascular como marcador de riesgo en adultos mayores hipertensos, algunos aspectos de interés. Revista de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana. 2014;20(2):135-141.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is Vascular dementia?

Signs and symptoms Vascular dementia

Diagnosis and treatment Vascular dementia

Related centers and departments

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Vascular dementia