Intestinal parasites are organisms that live in the human intestine and depend on it for survival, causing varying degrees of harm to the host.
They are divided into two groups: on one hand, protozoa, which are unicellular organisms, and on the other hand, helminths, which are multicellular organisms, such as intestinal worm infections.
These types of parasites can infect people of all ages worldwide, although they are more common in areas with poor sanitation conditions.
Transmission of intestinal parasites occurs mainly through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, contact with infected surfaces, and, in some cases, through vectors such as insects. There is also the possibility of person-to-person transmission, which is more common in environments with inadequate personal hygiene.
Symptoms of Intestinal Parasites
The symptoms of intestinal parasites will vary depending on the type of parasite, the parasitic load, and the health condition of the host. Some individuals may be asymptomatic, while others may present severe symptoms. The most common symptoms are:
- Abdominal pain that can be diffuse or localized, with varying intensity.
- Diarrhea often accompanied by mucus or blood.
- Nausea and vomiting due to irritation of the digestive system.
- Weight loss resulting from reduced nutrient absorption.
- Fatigue and weakness due to poor nutrient absorption.
- Anal or perianal itching is common in pinworm infections.
Abdominal bloating due to gas accumulation.
Intestinal Parasites in Adults
In adults, parasitic infections are usually related to the ingestion of contaminated food or water and contact with dirty surfaces. The most common parasites in this population include Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and helminths such as Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia solium.
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and nutritional deficiencies are the most frequent symptoms, but in chronic cases, anemia and immune system disorders may develop.
Travel to endemic areas, poor sanitation, and contact with infected individuals are common causes of infection.
Diagnosis usually requires stool samples. Antiparasitic drugs are used for treatment, although the specific subtype depends on the type of parasite.
Intestinal Parasites in Children
In children, parasitic infections are more frequent due to their tendency to explore their environment, the habit of putting their hands or objects in their mouths, and exposure to unhygienic settings. Parasites that commonly affect this population include Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms), Giardia lamblia, and Ascaris lumbricoides.
In the case of Enterobius vermicularis, anal itching may occur. Generally, symptoms associated with this stage of life and intestinal parasites include diarrhea, irritability, loss of appetite, and growth delay due to poor nutrient absorption.
Proper hygiene, frequent handwashing, consumption of safe drinking water, and regular deworming are key measures to prevent these infections.
Treatment is usually simple and effective, using antiparasitic medications to eliminate parasitic infections.
Regardless of whether symptoms are present or the infection is asymptomatic, it is important to identify the presence of intestinal parasites to receive appropriate care before it becomes a serious health issue.
At the ABC Medical Center’s Internal Medicine Department, we can provide you with specialized care. Contact us!
Fuentes
Cleveland Clinic, OMS, Scielo
