Respiratory syncytial virus, commonly known as RSV, is a virus that targets the respiratory system, typically causing mild, cold-like symptoms in most cases, notes Dr. Roxana Trejo González, Corporate Epidemiology Manager at Centro Médico ABC.
However, in some instances, it can cause severe lung infections or respiratory illnesses. This primarily affects infants up to one year of age or premature babies, adults aged 65 and older, and individuals with serious underlying medical conditions such as heart disease, lung disease, or a weakened immune system.
RSV can spread from person to person through several pathways:
- Airborne transmission when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
- Direct contact, such as kissing.
- Touching objects or surfaces contaminated with the virus and subsequently touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.
Generally, individuals infected with RSV remain contagious for three to eight days. However, infants and people with weakened immune systems can continue to spread the virus for up to four weeks.
RSV Symptoms
RSV symptoms typically appear four to six days after exposure to the virus and include:
- Nasal congestion
- Decreased appetite
- Headache
- Sore throat
- Sneezing
- Fever
- Wheezing
- Coughing
Severe RSV Symptoms
Severe manifestations of RSV include:
- Bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lungs)
- Pneumonia (lung infection)
- Difficulty breathing
- Cyanosis (a bluish skin discoloration caused by a lack of oxygen)
Note: Pneumonia is considered the leading single cause of child mortality worldwide. In 2019, pneumonia claimed the lives of 740,180 children under the age of five—accounting for 14% of all deaths in this age group globally, and 22% of all deaths in children between one and five years old.
Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of viral pneumonia.
How Long Does RSV Last?
Although there is no specific treatment for RSV, most cases resolve on their own within two weeks. Management involves supportive care, such as over-the-counter pain relievers (if needed) and staying well-hydrated to prevent dehydration.
Dr. Trejo highlights important precautions when caring for children with RSV:
- Do not give cough medicines to children under four years old.
- Do not give aspirin to children under any circumstances.
Severe RSV cases may require hospitalization, where patients receive oxygen therapy or, if necessary, breathing support via an endotracheal tube or ventilator.
RSV Vaccine
In recent years, vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus have been developed, targeting primarily infants, older adults, and individuals with chronic health conditions. These vaccines have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of hospitalization and respiratory complications, marking a major advancement in protecting high-risk populations.
Beyond vaccination, practicing good hygiene is crucial to prevent the spread of RSV and protect vulnerable individuals. Key preventive steps include:
- Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing.
- Wash hands frequently using soap and water.
- Avoid kissing, shaking hands, or sharing items that touch the mouth (eating utensils, cups, food, etc.) if you are sick or experiencing symptoms.
- Avoid touching your face, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.
- Stay home if you have a confirmed illness.
At the Internal Medicine Department and the Pediatrics Center at Centro Médico ABC, we provide specialized care. Contact us today!
