What is Blood in the urine (hematuria)?

The presence of blood in the urine or hematuria is due to the fact that, because of some kidney abnormality or some other area of the urinary tract, there is a blood filtering in the urinary flow, the most frequent causes being:

Kidney or bladder stones.
Prostatitis.
Kidney ailments.
Urinary tract infection.
Pyelonephritis.
Kidney trauma.
Anticoagulants intake.
Excessive physical activity.
Prostate, kidney, or bladder cancer.
Hereditary conditions

There are two types of hematuria:

Macroscopic: when it is possible to see the blood present in the urine.
Microscopic: when it is not possible to see the blood with the naked eye, so a microscope analysis is necessary.

In both cases, it is crucial to identify the origin to treat the direct cause as soon as possible.

Signs and symptoms Blood in the urine (hematuria)

Microscopic hematuria does not usually show symptoms, while in macroscopic the urine is stained in pink and red tones, being painless most of the time, unless there are blood clots that make urination painful.

Diagnosis and treatment Blood in the urine (hematuria)

Once your doctor analyzes your symptoms and clinical history, they will perform a physical examination that will help them see indications of the possible cause of hematuria, however, various tests will be necessary to confirm the diagnosis, such as:

Urine tests to establish the presence of blood, infections, or possible kidney stones.
Cystoscopy.
Ultrasound.
MRI.
Computed tomography.

If the tests do not detect any disease, it will be necessary to perform periodic tests to monitor the condition until it is possible to make an accurate diagnosis and treat the cause. The treatment to follow depends on the origin of hematuria:

Kidney or urinary tract infections:
- Antibiotics
- Anti-inflammatories.
Prostatitis:
- Anti-inflammatories.
- Surgery.
Kidney or bladder stones:
- Laser or shock wave lithotripsy.

At the ABC Medical Center Internal Medicine Department, we offer health care services with the highest quality and safety, from prevention, diagnosis, timely treatment, and monitoring of infectious, respiratory, endocrinological, dermatological, rheumatic, nephrological, gastrointestinal, and hematological pathologies, of chronic-degenerative diseases and acute conditions, through a comprehensive and multidisciplinary model.

Related centers and departments

Cancer Center
Internal medicine
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

medlineplus.gov
mayoclinic.org
msdmanuals.com
cun.es
topdoctors.es
medigraphic.com
Salabarría GJR, Herrera FC, González RA, et al. Incidencia de hipercalciuria e hiperuricosuria en pacientes pediátricos con sintomatología nefrourológica. Cuba y Salud. 2021;16(1):22-26.
Paz-Montañez JJ, Mueses-Guerrero Y, Restrepo-Restrepo JM, et al. Hematuria en la niñez: revisión sistemática cualitativa. Medicina & Laboratorio. 2017;23(07-08):351-364.
Salvador-Marín J, Izquierdo-Plazas L, Ausina-Gómez S, et al. Hematuria como primer signo del condrosarcoma de pelvis. Acta Ortop Mex. 2020;34(5):313-318. doi:10.35366/97995.
Hernández-Estrada S. Nivel de la tasa de filtrado glomerular para iniciar el protocolo de trasplante, evaluación de urolitiasis, proteinuria y hematuria en el receptor de trasplante renal. Rev Mex Traspl. 2020;9(Suppl: 1):35-40. doi:10.35366/93483.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is Blood in the urine (hematuria)?

Signs and symptoms Blood in the urine (hematuria)

Diagnosis and treatment Blood in the urine (hematuria)

Related centers and departments

Fuentes:

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Specialist in Blood in the urine (hematuria)