What is food poisoning?

4 May 2021

It is a condition caused by consuming food or water contaminated with infectious biological agents such as bacteria, parasites, viruses, or their toxins.

These harmful organisms can contaminate food from its source and during its processing or preparation, so infection usually occurs after eating or drinking outdoors, in cafes or restaurants, but it can also occur at home, so it is important to verify hygiene when preparing food and not to consume it raw or without any disinfection.

There are diverse contamination sources:

Unpurified water.
Frozen or refrigerated food not stored at the correct temperature.
Food prepared by a person who did not perform proper hand hygiene.
Food prepared using contaminated cookware.
Undercooked or raw meat, poultry, fish, or eggs.
Raw, poorly washed, or not disinfected fruits or vegetables.
Dairy products that have been out of the refrigerator for a long time.

Babies, infants, pregnant women, and older adults are the most susceptible to food poisoning.

Signs and symptoms Food poisoning

Symptoms can appear hours or days after eating food, depending on the origin of the poisoning, but the most common signs are:

Abdominal cramps.
Weakness.
Diarrhea.
Headache.
High fever.
Chills.
Nausea.
Vomit.

If in addition to these symptoms you have:

No or little urine.
Intense abdominal cramps.
Blood in stool or vomit.
Muscle weakness and tingling in the arms.
Diarrhea for more than three days.
Inability to retain liquids.
Dizziness or lightheadedness.
Excessive thirst.
Dry mouth.
Blurry vision.

Go immediately to the ABC Medical Center Emergency Room to receive medical attention, do not put your health at risk.

Diagnosis and treatment Food poisoning

Through a physical examination, the symptoms you present, the food consumed, and your medical history, the doctor will request blood and stool tests to detect the poisoning origin and to be able to diagnose it properly.

The treatment to be followed will depend on the cause of the poisoning and the severity of the symptoms, but generally includes:

Antibiotics.
Painkillers.
Antispasmodics.
Antidiarrheals.
Anti-inflammatories.
Oral or intravenous rehydration.
Rest.

At ABC Medical Center’s Internal Medicine Department, we offer health care services with the highest quality and safety, from the prevention, diagnosis, timely treatment, and monitoring of infectious, respiratory, endocrinological, dermatological, rheumatic, nephrological, gastrointestinal, and hematological pathologies of both chronic-degenerative diseases and acute conditions, through a comprehensive and multidisciplinary model.

Related centers and departments Food poisoning

Internal medicine
High Specialty Surgery Center
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

healthline.com
mayoclinic.org
medlinesplus.gov
msdmanuals.com
cigna.com
medigraphic.com
Zúñiga CIR, Caro LJ. Enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos: una mirada puntual para el personal de salud. Enf Infec Microbiol. 2017;37(3):95-104.
Pérez PI. Bacillus cereus y su papel en las intoxicaciones alimentarias. Revista Cubana de Salud Pública. 2012;38(1):98-108.
Ezquerra OA, Bueno AGM, Torres GKS, et al. Intoxicación alimentaria por clembuterol, padecimiento subdiagnosticado. Acta Med. 2019;17(4):406-408.
Ávila-Arcos MA, Méndez-Gómez HI, Morales-Rúan MC, et al. La inseguridad alimentaria y factores asociados en hogares mexicanos con casos de Covid-19. Salud Pública México. 2021;63(6):751-762.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is food poisoning?

Signs and symptoms Food poisoning

Diagnosis and treatment Food poisoning

Related centers and departments Food poisoning

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Food poisoning