What is lymphoma?

4 May 2021

It is a variety of cancer that attacks the lymphatic system in its entirety and can occur mainly in the lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus, and spleen, although it can also appear in organs such as the liver. The most common types of lymphoma are Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

In both, the treatment will be established based on the pathology’s degree of progress, although treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hematopoietic cell transplant, and immunotherapy are generally combined.

Classification of lymphomas:

Hodgkin lymphoma.
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma.
Lymphocytic leukemia.

Signs and symptoms Lymphoma

The symptoms depend on the level of progress of the disease and the affected area, but usually include the following:

Breathing problems.
Decreased body weight.
Itch.
Tiredness and weakness.
High fever.
Swollen lymph nodes.
Excessive sweating.

If you experience any of these symptoms, see your doctor. As with many types of cancer, lymphoma can be cured if diagnosed and treated early.

The apparent origin of lymphoma is the result of a mutation in white blood cell genes that begin to multiply uncontrollably with this alteration, which makes them dysfunctional, causing inflammation in the components of the lymphatic system.

Potential risks:

Being a man.
Having a weak immune system, either due to illness or due to the intake of drugs that inhibit the body’s defenses.
Being over 50 years old.
Infections such as those caused by Helicobacter pylori or the Epstein-Barr virus.

Diagnosis and treatment Lymphoma

Once your doctor analyzes your symptoms and clinical history, they will perform a physical examination to explore the lymph nodes and if there is inflammation in some organs.

Likewise, it will request the following tests to issue an accurate diagnosis:

Blood test.
Imaging studies:
Computed tomography.
MRI.
Positron emission tomography (PET).
Lymph node biopsy.
Bone marrow biopsy.

The appropriate treatment for your case is established according to the type of lymphoma and its stage. Its purpose is to eliminate diseased cells.

The most used therapies are:

Chemotherapy.
Radiotherapy.
Hematopoietic cell transplant.
Immunotherapy.

Since its opening in 2009, our Cancer Center offers chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments at the level of the best medical centers in the world through a comprehensive care model for cancer patients.

We include the most innovative therapies in chemotherapy in facilities specially designed for your comfort and peace of mind.

In radiotherapy procedures, we provide you with evidence-based treatment plans discussed with experts from Houston Methodist Hospital, using state-of-the-art technological equipment in state-of-the-art facilities.

Related centers and departments Lymphoma

Cancer Center
High Specialty Surgery Center
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

cancer.org
cancer.net
cancer.gov
mayoclinic.org
medlineplus.gov
medigraphic.com
Aguilar-Torres CR, Márquez-Ramírez YA, Mariñelarena-Carrillo EO, et al. Linfoma de Burkitt en la mama durante el embarazo: reporte de un caso. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2021;89(08):647-654.
Quero-Hernández A, Garnica CA, Socorro LZ. Linfoma no Hodgkin de células T primario de laringe. Presentación de un caso clínico. Rev Hosp Jua Mex. 2006;73(2):64-69.
González-Sánchez V, Ku-Macedo A, Gaytán-Robles U. Hipereosinofilia y elevación de IgE: manifestaciones atípicas de linfoma cutáneo primario de células T. Med Int Mex. 2021;37(4):636-641.
Córdova-Serrano R, Cevallos-Espinel J, Vargas-Maradiaga AL, et al. Linfoma de la zona marginal asociado con el bronquio. Rev Hematol Mex. 2021;22(1):50-55.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is lymphoma?

Signs and symptoms Lymphoma

Diagnosis and treatment Lymphoma

Related centers and departments Lymphoma

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Lymphoma