What is Persistent depressive disorder?

Also known as dysthymia, it is a type of condition characterized by chronic depressive episodes that manifest permanently in the patient, causing low self-esteem, apathy, and disinterest in daily activities. This low state of mind can manifest for many years and undermine personal and work relationships by continuously facing emotions of sadness and discouragement, even in happy situations.

Persistent depressive disorder can appear in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. It is more common in women and although its origin is unknown, studies indicate that it may be due to:

History of other mental health problems, such as a personality disorder.
Changes in neurotransmitters and the way they relate to the neurocircuitry responsible for maintaining mood stability.
Biological abnormalities in the brain.
Family members with depressive disorders.
Present negative personality traits (self-criticism, pessimism, dependency).
Traumatic situations related to the loss of loved ones or material goods.

The most frequent complications include:

Drug addiction.
Low school and work productivity.
Suicidal behavior or thoughts.
Family or work conflicts.
Major depression
Chronic pain.
Presence of other diseases.
Mental health disorders.

Signs and symptoms Persistent depressive disorder

They are cyclical and can be mild, moderate, or severe, with the possibility of manifesting in deep or major depressive periods:

Isolation.
Low self-esteem, feeling incapable or useless.
Fatigue.
Loss of hope.
Lack of interest in daily activities.
Fatigue, lack of energy.
Being unproductive.
Loss of appetite or overeating.
Sleep disorders.
Irritability.
Rage.
Problems concentrating and making decisions
Guilt.
Excessive worries.
Sad episodes.
Existential vacuum.

If you have any of the above symptoms, you must go to a mental health specialist to assess you and design a treatment program to prevent these symptoms from increasing and putting your health and well-being at risk.

Diagnosis and treatment Persistent depressive disorder

Once the specialist analyzes your symptoms and clinical history, they will perform a physical, neurological, and psychological examination to determine the possible causes of persistent depressive disorder, supported by blood and urine tests, as well as imaging studies such as MRI and computed tomography if required.

The treatment to follow will depend on your severity, age, and general health, but it basically consists of attacking the symptoms through a combination of drugs, psychotherapy, and support groups.

At the Neurological Center, a select group of highly trained and certified doctors in the various neurological specialties are ready to assist you with the quality and warmth that characterizes us.

Nervous system specialties

Neurology
Neurosurgery
Spine surgery
Pediatric neurosurgery
Neurophysiology
Neuro-rehabilitation
Neuro-pathology
Interventional neuro-radiology
Neuropsychology
Neuro-oncology
Neuro-otology
Epilepsy
Neuro-ophthalmology
Neuroimaging

Related centers and departments

Neurology Center
High Specialty Surgery Center
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

clevelandclinic.org
topdoctors.es
mayocilinic.org
medlineplus.gov
mindyra.com
msdmanuals.com
medigraphic.com
Rodríguez-Alejo DI, Cisneros-Ramos M, Robles-Cedeño LA. Psicoterapia integrativa en un caso de trastorno depresivo persistente. Rev Elec Psic Izt. 2018;21(1):355-385.
Vázquez MA, Mukamutara J. Depresión en pacientes con diabetes mellitus y su relación con el control glucémico. MediSan. 2020;24(05):847-860.
Piñar SG, Suárez BG, De La Cruz VN. Actualización sobre el trastorno depresivo mayor. Revista Médica Sinergia. 2020;5(12):1-16.
Hernández-Chávez L, Muñiz-Quintero NR, Gutiérrez-Leyva MM, et al. Depresión en un centro geriátrico comunitario en Quintana Roo. Salud Quintana Roo. 2016;9(35):6-10.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is Persistent depressive disorder?

Signs and symptoms Persistent depressive disorder

Diagnosis and treatment Persistent depressive disorder

Related centers and departments

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Persistent depressive disorder