What is prader-willi syndrome?

4 May 2021

It is a genetic condition that produces physical, mental, and behavioral changes, including the feeling of wanting to eat all the time, low muscle tone, reduced mental capacity, and poorly developed sexual organs.

Prader-Willi syndrome is considered to be due to a genetic abnormality on chromosome 15 that hinders the hypothalamus hormonal control functions, causing symptoms in various areas.

Signs and symptoms Prader-Willi syndrome

They usually change when passing from childhood to adulthood.

Babies:

Apathy.
Reduced sexual organs.
Almond-shaped eyes.
Low muscle mass and tone.
Suction problems.

Childhood and adulthood:

Voracious and constant appetite.
Short height.
Narrow head at the temples.
Delayed motor development.
Slow mental development
Scoliosis.
Hypopigmentation (light hair, eyes, and skin).
Rapid weight gain.
Small hands and feet compared to other children.
Myopia and other visual defects.
Underdeveloped genitalia.
Late or incomplete puberty.
Sterility.
Little muscle mass and a lot of body fat.
Behavioral and speech alterations.
Sleep disorders.

Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for people with Prader-Willi syndrome to have a better quality of life.

The main complications that this condition entails are related to hormonal dysfunctions and anxiety about food that cause accelerated weight gain and morbid obesity, which can trigger other types of diseases such as:

Lung diseases.
Apnea.
Gallstones.
High cholesterol.
Diabetes.
High blood pressure.
Osteoporosis.
Joint problems.
Sterility.

Diagnosis and treatment Prader-Willi syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome is confirmed with a blood test and genetic testing. As the child grows, laboratory studies may reflect signs of morbid obesity, such as high insulin levels, low oxygenation, and glucose intolerance.

There may also be signs of heart failure, knee, and hip problems, as well as hormonal dysfunction.

The treatment to be followed is given based on the symptoms and includes a multidisciplinary team made up of endocrinologists, psychologists, nutritionists, occupational therapists, behavioral specialists, and physiotherapists.

It generally consists of:

Physical activity.
Weight control.
Physiotherapy.
Growth hormone.
Proper nutrition.
Psychotherapy.
Hormone replacement therapy
Cognitive, behavioral, occupational, and speech therapies.

At the Neurological Center, a select group of highly trained and certified doctors in the various neurological specialties are ready to assist you with the quality and warmth that characterizes us.

Nervous system specialties

Neurology
Neurosurgery
Spine surgery
Pediatric neurosurgery
Neurophysiology
Neuro-rehabilitation
Neuro-pathology
Interventional neuro-radiology
Neuropsychology
Neuro-oncology
Neuro-otology
Epilepsy
Neuro-ophthalmology
Neuroimaging

Related centers and departments Prader-Willi syndrome

Neurology Center
High Specialty Surgery Center
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

endocrinologiapediatrica.org
stanfordchildrens.org
neural.es
mayocilinic.org
medlineplus.gov
medigraphic.com
Frascino A, Rocha FR, Sakura IS, et al. Evaluación orofacial de los niños Síndrome Prader-Willi. Rev Odotopediatr Latinoam. 2021;11(2):197-205.
Sánchez-Hernández E, Álvarez-Betancourt AE, Soto-Blanquel JL, et al. Síndrome de Prader Willi. Presentación de un caso. Rev Mex Anest. 2017;40(2):120-124.
Hernández HRJ, Rodríguez HFJ, Membrila MJ. Síndrome de Prader Willi en un recién nacido con hipotonía muscular. Rev Mex Pediatr. 2011;78(5):199-201.
Travieso TA, Menéndez GR, Licourt OD. Caracterización clínico genética del síndrome Prader Willi. Rev Ciencias Médicas. 2014;18(6):974-982.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is prader-willi syndrome?

Signs and symptoms Prader-Willi syndrome

Diagnosis and treatment Prader-Willi syndrome

Related centers and departments Prader-Willi syndrome

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Prader-Willi syndrome