What is prediabetes?

4 May 2021

It is a condition in which blood sugar level is higher than normal, so there is already a risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases if preventive actions are not taken, since your body is not processing sugar in the right way, accumulating in the blood instead of providing energy to cells and tissues.

The cause of prediabetes is unknown, but family history and genetics are thought to be risk factors, as are being sedentary and overweight.

It usually appears more frequently in adults from the age of 40, but currently, there is also a high incidence in children and adolescents.

With a healthy diet, physical activity program, and weight loss, it is possible to reverse prediabetes and delay or prevent its progression to type 2 diabetes.

Signs and symptoms Prediabetes

Prediabetes does not show any symptoms, except that sometimes the pigmentation of the skin increases, especially on the knees, elbows, and neck.

When the symptoms are clearly present, it means that prediabetes has progressed to type 2 diabetes, whose symptoms are:

Tiredness.
Decreased body weight.
Tingling in the upper and lower limbs.
Recurring infections and wounds that do not heal quickly.
Frequent urination.
Uncontrolled thirst and hunger.
Tired and unfocused vision.

Potential risks:

Abdominal fat accumulation.
Sleep apnea.
Gestational diabetes.
Sedentary lifestyle.
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Overweight and obesity.
Smoking.

Possible complications if it progresses to type 2 diabetes:

Limb amputation.
Neuropathic damage in the hands and feet.
Decreased hearing ability.
Cardiovascular diseases.
Glaucoma, cataracts, and blindness.
Recurrent skin infections.
Kidney failure.
Neurological conditions such as dementia and Alzheimer’s.
Healing problems.

Diagnosis and treatment Prediabetes

The main tests to diagnose prediabetes are:

Glycosylated hemoglobin: measures blood sugar level that you have had the previous three months.
Fasting blood sugar level: which consists of drawing blood after fasting overnight or for a minimum of eight hours.
Oral glucose tolerance: used to diagnose diabetes during pregnancy.

Treatment to prevent prediabetes from progressing to type 2 diabetes includes eating a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, losing weight, having regular blood sugar tests, glucose-lowering medications, and quitting smoking.

At ABC Medical Center’s Internal Medicine Department, we offer health care services with the highest quality and safety, from the prevention, diagnosis, timely treatment, and monitoring of infectious, respiratory, endocrinological, dermatological, rheumatic, nephrological, gastrointestinal, and hematological pathologies of both chronic-degenerative diseases and acute conditions, through a comprehensive and multidisciplinary model.

Related centers and departments Prediabetes

Internal Medicine
High Specialty Surgery Center
Nutrition & Obesity Center
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory
Cancer Center

Fuentes:

medlineplus.gov
mayoclinic.org
msdmanuals.com
healthline.com
hormone.org
medigraphic.com
Mota SV, Reyes CA, Estefan JP, et al. Evaluación de una intervención educativa en el estilo de vida para prevenir prediabetes o diabetes tipo 2 en niños mexicanos. An Med Asoc Med Hosp ABC. 2021;66(1):25-35. doi:10.35366/99486.
Ceballos-Pomares JC, Solís-Martínez RA, Quevedo-Carreño A, et al. Resistencia a la insulina y su relación con alteraciones bioquímicas y antropométricas en adolescentes con prediabetes. Rev Biomed. 2020;31(1):22-27.
Veja JJ, Mirabal ID. Risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 in the population with prediabetes of a medical clinic. Cuba y Salud. 2018;13(2):26-32.
Pérez LR, Conesa GAI, Fábregas DY, et al. Tensión arterial y frecuencia cardiaca durante la ortostasia activa en sujetos con prediabetes. Rev Cubana Neurol Neurocir. 2018;8(2):1-16.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is prediabetes?

Signs and symptoms Prediabetes

Diagnosis and treatment Prediabetes

Related centers and departments Prediabetes

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Prediabetes