What is sarcopenia?

4 May 2021

It is a condition characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass, which can begin after the age of 40 and worsens after the age of 60, causing muscle weakness and decreased physical capacity, which leads to a significant deterioration in the quality of life, since if it is not addressed it can generate disability, increasing the risks of injuries by falls.

Sarcopenia not only affects muscle mass, but also generates an increase in adipose tissue, which can cause diabetes, overweight, and obesity, as well as hypertension. It can be caused by many factors because there is a strong genetic, hormonal, nutritional, and lifestyle load.

Signs and symptoms Sarcopenia

Gradual loss of muscle mass.
Muscular weakness.
Limited physical capacity.

Diagnosis and treatment Sarcopenia

The diagnosis is made through a physical examination and the analysis of the patient’s medical history, while in terms of treatment, there is no specific one, but there are several therapies to stop or slow its progress, as well as prevent it.

Hormonal treatments with growth hormone and testosterone.
Nutritional treatments with an emphasis on protein intake.
Physical activity focused on strength exercises and increasing muscle mass.

Prevention:

Adopt a healthy lifestyle.
Proper nutrition focused on protein, vitamins E and D, antioxidants, and Omega 3.
Avoid smoking and alcoholism.
Constant physical activity with exercises that help increase muscle mass.

At the Nutrition & Obesity Center we offer you comprehensive care according to your needs to help you have a healthy lifestyle, control your weight, change your body composition, prevent and manage associated diseases, as well as improve your physical and sports performance.

We have specialized schemes for accelerated and sustained weight loss under the supervision of a multidisciplinary team, based on safe and scientifically supported methods.

Related centers and departments Sarcopenia

Fuentes:

mayoclinic.org
cigna.com
elsevier.es
sos-bariatria.com
medlineplus.gov
medigraphic.com
Hernández RJ, Arnold DY, Licea PME. Sarcopenia y algunas de sus características más importantes. Rev Cubana Med Gen Integr. 2019;35(3):1-19.
Godínez-Escobar K, Gallegos-De Luna C, Meneses-Acero I, et al. Prevalence of Sarcopenia by Age Groups in a Population of Mexico City. Arch Med Fam. 2020;22(1):7-12.
Hernández RJ, Arnold DY. Principales elementos a tener en cuenta para el correcto diagnóstico de la sarcopenia. Medisur. 2019;17(1):112-125.
Hernández-Álvarez D; López-Diázguerrero NE, Luna-López A, Konigsberg M. Ejercicio y metformina: dos mecanismos que convergen para la prevención de la sarcopenia en el envejecimiento. Una mirada al contexto social y molecular. Rev Educ Bioquimica. 2019;38(1):3-13.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the ABC Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is sarcopenia?

Signs and symptoms Sarcopenia

Diagnosis and treatment Sarcopenia

Prevention:

Related centers and departments Sarcopenia

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Sarcopenia