What Is a Greenstick Fracture

The term greenstick fracture refers to a bone crack or split that is similar to how a young, green tree branch might snap or splinter on only one side—hence the name.

Greenstick fractures are a type of fracture most commonly seen in children under 8 years of age, often as a result of a fall. The bone bends and cracks because at that age, it is softer and more flexible than in adulthood.

Generally, greenstick fractures in the arm are more common than in the leg, as a child’s natural reaction is to extend a hand to break a fall.

Greenstick fractures have a high risk of re-fracturing, which is why the damaged bone needs to be immobilized with a cast or splint for healing and consolidation.

The long bones, such as the tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, and clavicle, are the most common sites for this type of fracture. In rare cases, it can occur in the bones of the face or chest.

Greenstick Fracture Signs

A greenstick fracture is a common occurrence in children due to the flexibility of their bones.

This condition is characterized by localized pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the affected limb, especially after a fall or direct trauma. Often, the child can still partially move the limb, which can make it difficult to diagnose immediately.

Another typical sign is a slight deformity of the bone, which appears as a curvature without a complete separation. This happens because the bone bends and only partially fractures, just like a green branch.

Due to this, there may also be a slight bruise and tenderness to the touch in the affected area.

Greenstick Fracture Diagnosis

The diagnosis is based on the history of the injury and a physical examination, where pain, swelling, and limited function can be identified. It is crucial to evaluate the circumstances of the fall, the intensity of the impact, and the symptoms reported by both the patient and their caregivers.

To confirm the diagnosis, an imaging study of the affected bone is performed, usually in two projections. The X-ray shows an incomplete fracture with a bone curvature and no complete displacement. In some cases, a comparison with the opposite limb or additional studies may be required if there is suspicion of associated injuries.

Greenstick Fracture Treatment

Treatment is usually conservative and has great results. Most greenstick fractures are treated with a closed reduction, which is a non-surgical procedure that allows for the realignment of the damaged bone, followed by immobilization.

Immobilization lasts between three to six weeks, depending on the affected bone and the patient’s age. It is important to have regular X-ray check-ups throughout the treatment to ensure proper bone alignment and healing.

Additionally, consistent follow-up with a pediatric orthopedist is essential for a proper recovery.

Greenstick Fracture Rehabilitation

Once the cast is removed, the rehabilitation process for a greenstick fracture begins. It focuses on regaining mobility, strength, and function of the limb. Initially, the patient may have weakness or stiffness, but with the right exercises, they usually make a full recovery in a few weeks.

Generally, formal physical therapy is not required unless the fracture was complex or if symptoms persist.

At the Pediatric Orthopedics area of Centro Médico ABC, we can provide you with specialized care. Contact us!