In a panic attack, symptoms such as tachycardia, shortness of breath, or even pain are noticeable, which makes their appearance overwhelming for the person experiencing it.
What is a panic attack
A panic attack is the term used for an anxiety crisis, defined as a sudden episode of intense fear or discomfort that peaks within minutes and is accompanied by physical and psychological symptoms.
In a panic attack, symptoms usually appear unexpectedly, although in some cases they can be triggered by specific situations or identifiable stressors; however, it is crucial to distinguish a panic attack from other medical conditions with similar signs, such as heart problems.
What panic attacks are like
The characteristic symptoms of a panic attack appear abruptly, collectively creating a sense of imminent danger, often without a real cause.
Symptoms can be both physical and emotional and typically reach their peak intensity within about 10 minutes, although they may last up to 30 minutes.
Physical symptoms:
- Heart palpitations: sensation that the heart is beating very fast or very strongly.
- Breathing difficulties: may be perceived as shortness of breath or even a feeling of suffocation.
- Pain: discomfort in the chest, commonly mistaken for a heart attack.
- Excessive sweating: profuse sweating not related to heat or physical exertion.
- Trembling: hands, legs, or other parts of the body may shake.
- Nausea: feeling of stomach discomfort.
- Dizziness: sensation of losing balance or fainting.
- Chills: sudden changes in body temperature.
- Tingling sensation: especially in the face, feet, or hands.
Emotional symptoms:
- Fear of losing control: a sense of disconnection from reality and fear of “going crazy.”
- Fear: a perception of imminent mortal danger.
- Derealization: the environment feels strange or unreal.
- Depersonalization: feeling detached from one’s own body, as if everything is being observed from outside.
Although a panic attack is usually unpredictable, some factors increase the risk of experiencing one, such as chronic stress, generalized anxiety disorders, phobias, excessive caffeine or stimulant intake, hormonal changes or health problems, history of anxiety, or previous panic attacks.
Although it may feel terrifying, it is common for a person to experience their first panic attack during high-stress situations or significant life changes.
Treatments for panic attacks
Treating panic attacks requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes psychological therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. The key is to seek professional help to address both the immediate symptoms and long-term prevention.
In psychological therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy is commonly used. This approach helps individuals identify and change thought patterns that generate anxiety, and learn relaxation and breathing techniques to manage symptoms.
In some cases, pharmacological support may be needed with antidepressants or medications that help reduce anxiety.
Lifestyle changes are fundamental and may include regular exercise, relaxation techniques, avoiding stimulants, maintaining healthy sleep habits, and a balanced diet.
Experiencing the symptoms of a panic attack can be distressing, but it’s important to remember that it does not pose a serious threat to the person. However, if these attacks are frequent or interfere with daily life, it is crucial to seek help from a mental health professional.
In a panic attack, both physical and emotional symptoms can affect the person if not properly treated. Seeking support from a specialist is essential to prevent these symptoms from worsening or occurring frequently.
At the ABC Medical Center’s Neurology Center, we can provide you with specialized care. Contact us!
Fuentes
Cigna, MSD Manuals, UNICEF
