Types of stress are classified according to the nature of the stimulus, the duration of the experience, and the impact it has on a person’s health.
What is stress
Stress is a physiological and psychological reaction triggered by external or internal stimuli called stressors, which demand an adaptive response.
In the body, stress is a survival mechanism that prepares the body to face challenges by activating the sympathetic nervous system.
During stressful situations, the body releases hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which increase heart rate, improve mental alertness, and provide immediate energy to face the challenge.
However, when stress persists for long periods, it can lead to chronic disorders such as anxiety, depression, hypertension, and even cardiovascular diseases.
Causes of stress
The causes of stress are very diverse and it can originate from work-related situations, which may result in occupational stress, family problems, illnesses, significant life changes, or any other situation that may affect a person’s physical or emotional state.
The types of stress are classified as:
- Acute stress: the most common form, occurring as an immediate response to a challenge or threat. It is usually short-lived and disappears once the situation is resolved.
- Episodic acute stress: occurs when a person frequently experiences episodes of acute stress. It is common in people with very busy lives or those who tend to worry excessively, creating a constant feeling of rush and difficulty relaxing.
- Chronic stress: the most harmful type, as it persists over long periods and may be caused by ongoing problems. This type of stress often leads to a sense of hopelessness and negatively affects both physical and mental health. If left uncontrolled, it can become a risk factor for cardiovascular conditions or emotional disorders.
When discussing the classification of stress, it is important to note that there is both positive and negative stress. Positive stress, or eustress, is the type that motivates a person to achieve goals and overcome challenges, increasing energy and focus. In contrast, negative stress, or distress, occurs when this condition exceeds a person’s ability to cope, deeply affecting well-being and being associated with exhaustion, anxiety, and chronic diseases.
Symptoms of stress
Stress can manifest in various ways and affects both the body and the mind. Some of the most common physical symptoms include frequent headaches, muscle tension in the neck and back area, gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhea or nausea, insomnia, and persistent fatigue; an increase in heart rate may also be noticed during episodes of stress.
Emotionally, stress may cause irritability, sudden mood swings, feelings of being overwhelmed, constant anxiety, and a lack of interest in everyday activities.
Cognitive effects may include difficulty concentrating, memory problems, and impulsive decision-making.
Stress may also affect behavior, leading to changes in eating habits, social withdrawal, or increased substance use.
Although stress is a natural reaction that helps overcome specific situations or moments, it is important to identify the different types of stress in order to seek specialized medical care if the consequences outweigh the benefits.
At ABC Medical Center’s Neurology Center, we can provide you with specialized care. Contact us!
